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Keymaster

Sarah,
Did you read my explanation of the spleen in your previous topic and how it conserves blood during certain times? I tried to make it understandable that it is variable throughout the day depending on various things such as stress, metabolism etc because of Fight and Flight responses.

In terms of all dogs with anemia, we have found that some dogs do quite well with very low HCT PCV while other dogs show great stress when they have a low HCT PCV. It’s why medical doctors use something called a transfusion trigger. They not only evaluate the blood values but they also evaluate the physiology of the patient and it is indeed different from one to the next. So there is no one absolute value for recommending a transfusion due to anemia, it is the doctor’s evaluation and interpretation of the transfusion triggers that make up their mind whether they will transfuse or not. I’ve seen dogs on this forum who were walking around with a HCT PCV of 12% and were happy go lucky. While other dogs were just miserable at 25%. A vet would chose to transfuse the 25% dog because it will provide valuable fluid volume and other less well known blood elements that will make the dog feel better.

Veterinary hematology is part science and part art, it requires a balance. That is why clinical experience is so critical in the treatment of these dogs with blood diseases. Experienced vets, no matter whether they work in a fancy high end clinic or a small country vet like mine, that are good at what they do will have tried to keep their minds open when treating dogs and find the best path to recovery with the least cost and the best track record for improvements and saving lives. I shall never forget during Chance’s first transfusion, watching my vet’s dog, her donor dog, lying on the table in the next room providing fresh blood for Chance. But there was Jake, giving up his blood for my boy, tail wagging. Transfusions are extremely difficult to give and require constant evaluation to avoid reactions. Dr. M stayed until 9pm to make sure that it had been successful, well past her closing time. A good vet is maintained over a lifetime as your best friend.

Normal HCT PCV is around 45% in most humans and dogs. But some breeds have a normal value of 55% or higher. For those dogs, a reading of 45% may make them very anemic. So it is quite variable depend on breed, sex, age, health, metabolism, physiology, diet, stress handling capability etc. No human or dog is the same.

The real criteria for medical definition of anemia is not the HCT PCV values but rather the hemoglobin HGB count. This measures the hemoglobin molecules inside the red blood cells that are capable of carrying O2 inside the cell. So then you can get into discussions about the health of the red blood cells or the age (new or old) etc. and their carrying capacity for hemoglobin. So it is possible to have a lot of red blood cells in circulation but they could all be pale. That means they are very low in hemoglobin and are ineffective carriers of O2. The dog or human would be anemic. I learned this from one of my vets, when humans donate blood the clinic evaluates the suitability of the blood by the hemoglobin count.
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